A cross-cultural comparison of behaviors and independent/interdependent self-views
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined whether self-reports on general self-views and on own behaviors would show the same cross-cultural differences in cultural self-construal. We asked Japanese, Australian, and Canadian university students to complete an independent and interdependent cultural self-construal scale and, a week later, to rate their past behaviors. The results showed that Japanese endorsed more interdependent behaviors than Westerners, consistent with the cultural self-construal hypothesis (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). In contrast, on the self-construal scales, Japanese were no more interdependent than Westerners, although Japanese were less independent than Westerners. It was also found that the behavioral ratings and self-construal assessments were correlated with each other in the logically predicted directions within each culture. Possible reasons for the inconsistent findings on the two measures of self are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".