Direct-Conversion CMOS X-Ray Imager With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.6 ~\mu \text{m} \times 6.25~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Pixels
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a monolithic direct-conversion X-ray imager capable of detecting diagnostic level X-rays. The imager is constructed by combining a custom 32×32 CMOS four-transistor active pixel sensor (4T APS) array with an amorphous selenium photoconductive layer deposited on top of the array via a post processing step. A 4T APS with an explicit per-pixel integration capacitor is employed to increase the pixel dynamic range. Under dark conditions, an input-referred electronic noise of <;90 electrons (rms) is estimated based on measured noise data for a 40-ms integration time. The very first X-ray images of copper and stainless-steel objects are included to demonstrate the performance of what is, to the best of our knowledge, a direct-conversion X-ray imager with the smallest pixel pitch reported to date.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it