Bibliographic record
Abstract
SHORTLY after the outbreak of war in 1939 foreign exchange control was imposed to maintain exchange stability and to conserve Canada's reserves and prospective receipts of foreign exchange so that they might be used in the first instance for purposes deemed to be in the national interest. An ancillary objective related to war financing was to prevent the demoralization of Canadian securities markets through panic sales by non-residents in moments of crisis. While the control was directed essentially against exports of capital by residents and non-residents, the instruments of control applied equally to current and capital transactions and the power given to the Board of regulating current transactions was exercised restrictively on occasion, notably in the case of travel. Of necessity the machinery of control was elaborate because it had to be all-embracing but it rested on five basic rules: (1) Permits were required for payments by residents to non-residents. (2) Permits were required for the export of funds by travellers. (3) Permits were required for change of status from resident to non-resident. (4) Residents were required to sell to an authorized dealer all foreign exchange accruing to them. (5) Payment in an appropriate manner and in a currency designated by the Board was required for exports of goods, services, and securities, and for anything of value transferred from a resident to a non-resident whether in Canada or abroad.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".