Migrants and Borderland Identity: A Comparative Study of Japanese Communities in British Columbia and the Priamur Region in the 1870s-1900s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the mid-19th century, the building of modern nation states, the rise of the international state system and the completion of border demarcation around the world obliged governments to pay special attention to the enforcement of newly acquired borderlands and to establish policies for their successful integration into the state. Two such regions, British Columbia and the Priamur Region, joined Canada and Russia respectively at almost the same time, 1871 and 1858-1860. Basing on primary sources collected in Canadian and Russian archives and other sources, the present paper attempts to contribute to the discourse on borderland identity, exploring the role the East Asian and particularly Japanese migrants played in the construction of the regional identity of the two borderland regions-British Columbia and the Priamur Region. The study investigates the contradiction between the development of the region and the identity-based concept of immigration and naturalization policy. This paper also tries to answer, how East Asian and particularly Japanese migrants contributed to the crystallization of the regional borderland identity and to analyze the similarities and differences in the policies of the two countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".