Bibliographic record
Abstract
The United States and Canada are among the closest allies on Earth; our economies, people and destinies are intertwined. We share a fundamental interest in North American security.Neither country is secure if the other is vulnerable, which is why the two neighbours have integrated continental defence under the bilateral NORAD command for decades. Membership in NATO provides an additional opportunity for the two democracies to champion stability and freedom, with both countries sharing the burden of combat in Afghanistan. But on the issue of the Northwest Passage, over the past few decades Canada has gradually, if perhaps unintentionally, embarked on a rather unilateralist course by claiming sovereignty over large areas of the Arctic Ocean. Canadian exceptionalism in the Arctic Ocean has weakened the ties between the two countries, and provided an unflattering glimpse into how governments in Ottawa – both on the left and the right – have irresponsibly used the Arctic to score political points at home and reject multilateralism abroad. At times all states are inclined to feel defensive within the international community, and going it alone feeds a certain hyper-sensitive sovereignty impulse that can appeal to our fears, our pride and our independence.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".