Individual Titanate Nanoribbons Studied by 3D-Resolved Polarization Dependent X-ray Absorption Spectra Measured with Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polarization dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful probe of the anisotropic electronic structure of bulk single crystals, but its application to nanostructured samples is challenging. Here we describe a method for obtaining linearly polarized XAS spectra along three orthogonal axes of an individual nano-object using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). The technique is applied to a single sodium titanate nanoribbon [(Na,H)Ti NR]. Significant linear dichroism is observed at both the Ti 2p and O 1s edges. The experimental results are compared with first-principles calculations; good agreement is achieved. The spectral changes among the three axes are attributed to the anisotropic Ti–O bonding of the various Ti and O sites in the monoclinic crystal structure of the nanoribbon. The methodology for 3D dichroic STXM measurements developed in this study is a powerful way to investigate the anisotropic geometric and electronic structure of nanomaterials.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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