Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a capitalistic society, diverse members of the society recognize various problems caused by the intrinsic contradiction and they make complaints or use collective force as a way to solve such problems. One of such phenomena is the conflict of labor-management issues, and the system of labor dispute mediation is presented as one of the solution methods. The patterns of labor disputes are divided into a collective dispute between the trade union and the management and an individual dispute between employees and the management. They can also be classified as a dispute for profit or one for right according to their characteristics. In the United States and Canada, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) is in charge of the affair of mediating labor disputes. In the U.S., the FMCS mediates existing labor disputes, offers mediation to prevent labor disputes from occurring, settles the dispute for profit in the public sector, mediates the dispute for right in the private sector, assists business corporations in their efforts to develop the system of labor-management relations, gropes for effective alternatives to settle disputes and advises on the collective bargaining, provides education to refine the technique of collective bargaining and carries out publicity activities. In Canada, the FMCS mediates the disputes related with collective bargaining, offers complaint-settlement service, provides training to better labor-management relations and gives financial support to improve the relations between the management and the labor union within the jurisdiction of the federal government.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.032 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".