Wrongful Convictions and the Avenues of Redress: The Post-Conviction Review Process in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an ideal criminal justice system, only the guilty are punished while the innocent remain free. In reality, some individuals spend upwards of ten years in prison for crimes they did not commit, or crimes that never even took place at all. The Canadian media has showcased several high-profile cases of wrongful convictions, leading to increasing public awareness of the fallibility of the criminal justice process. In Canada, wrongful convictions are usually addressed and remedied through the appellate courts. Once these judicial avenues have been exhausted, section 696.1 of the Criminal Code of Canada (the “Criminal Code”) allows the Minister of Justice to review alleged wrongful convictions.1 Canada’s post-conviction review process has been heavily criticized for not providing an adequate mechanism to deal with alleged miscarriages of justice after all statutory means of appeal have been exhausted.2 As such, the public remains unsatisfied that the issue is being addressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".