Effects and tissue pathology of an unidentified microsporidium from the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on three non-target coccinellids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A microsporidium from H. convergens was transmitted horizontally to three non-target coccinellids (Adalia bipunctata L., Coccinella septempunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis Pallas) under laboratory conditions. The effects of microsporidiosis on larval development, larval mortality, sex ratio, fecundity and adult longevity were examined. For all beetle species, larval development was prolonged as a result of infection. Fecundity and longevity was adversely affected only for the natural host, H. convergens. Spore counts were similar for A. bipunctata and H. convergens but fewer spores were observed in C. septempunctata and H. axyridis. Vertical transmission of the pathogen was observed in all host species. Three eugregarines were found and described from two adult A. bipunctata. In H. convergens, the microsporidium infected muscles surrounding the midgut and within the fat body, Malpighian tubules, pyloric valve epithelium, colon epithelium, nerves, muscles, connective tissues, and ovaries. Tissue pathology differed for C. septempunctata and H. axyridis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".