Integrated Remediation Process for a High Salinity Industrial Soil Sample Contaminated with Heavy Oil and Metals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A highly saline industrial soil sample contaminated with heavy oils and several heavy metals, was tested for remediation using NRC’s Solvent Extraction Soil Remediation (SESR) process. The sample was provided courtesy of Newalta Corporation, a soil remediation company, based in Calgary, Alberta. Hydrocarbon contaminants were removed by applying both single and multistage extraction, using toluene as the solvent. Heavy metal fixation was achieved by incorporating metal binding agents into the soil agglomerates formed during the solvent extraction of organic contaminants.The extracted solids were evaluated for their heavy metal leaching potential using the US-EPA’stoxicity test method 1310A and Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure method 1311. Long term stability of the treated solids in terms of metal leaching was tested by the US-EPA’s multiple extraction procedure method 1320. The effect of metal binding agents on the extraction efficiency of SESR was also investigated.After remediation by the SESR process the contaminated soil sample remained saline. Leaching of soluble salts from the dried agglomerates was carried out by water percolation through a fixed bed of dried, agglomerated soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".