West Asian/North African Cities in the World City Network: A Global Analysis of Dependence, Integration, and Autonomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The research reported below is part of a new global urban analysis that focusses upon the relations between cities. A world-city network is specified as an “interlocking” structure in which global service firms link cities together through their office networks. A basic data matrix has been created describing the importance of 316 cities to the operations of 100 firms. Twenty-nine of these cities are from the West Asian/North African (WA/NA) region. The global network connectivities of all cities are defined and it is found that cities from the region rank relatively low: only one is in the world top 50, Istanbul at 35th. In analyses of the top 123 cities, which include 12 from the region, it is found that the WA/NA cities are generally unimportant in service sector articulations in the world economy and are largely represented only among the “outer” cluster of unimportant cities, but that some cities, notably Istanbul, Beirut, Dubai, and Cairo, do possess potential “network power” as gateway cities. Amon...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".