Asymptotic Expansion and Estimation of EPMC for Linear Classification Rules in High Dimension
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of classifying a new observation vector into one of the two known groups distributed as multivariate normal with common covariance matrix is considered. In this paper, we handle the situation that the dimension, p, of the observation vectors is less than the total number, N, of observation vectors from the two groups, but both p and N tend to infinity with the same order. Since the inverse of the sample covariance matrix is close to an ill condition in this situation, it may be better to replace it with the inverse of the ridge-type estimator of the covariance matrix in the linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The resulting rule is called the ridge-type linear discriminant analysis (RLDA). The second-order expansion of the expected probability of misclassification (EPMC) for RLDA is derived, and the second-order unbiased estimator of EMPC is given. These results not only provide the corresponding conclusions for LDA, but also clarify the condition that RLDA improves on LDA in terms of EPMC. Finally, the performances of the second-order approximation and the unbiased estimator are investigated by simulation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it