Layered Cathode Materials Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−2x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−x/3)]]O[sub 2] for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structure, synthesis, and electrochemical behavior of layered Li [ Ni x Li ( 1 / 3 − 2 x / 3 ) Mn ( 2 / 3 − x / 3 ) ] O 2 for x = 1 / 3 , 5/12, and 1/2 are reported for the first time. Li [ Ni x Li ( 1 / 3 − 2 x / 3 ) Mn ( 2 / 3 − x / 3 ) ] O 2 is derived from Li 2 MnO 3 or Li [ Li 1 / 3 Mn 2 / 3 ] O 2 by substitution of Li + and Mn 4 + by Ni 2 + while maintaining all the remaining Mn atoms in the 4+ oxidation state. Li [ Ni x Li ( 1 / 3 − 2 x / 3 ) Mn ( 2 / 3 − x / 3 ) ] O 2 with x = 5 / 12 can deliver steady capacities of 150 and 160 mAh/g at 30 and 55°C, respectively, between 3.0 and 4.4 V using a current density of 30 mA/g. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments on charged electrodes of Li [ Ni x Li ( 1 / 3 − 2 x / 3 ) Mn ( 2 / 3 − x / 3 ) ] O 2 for x = 5 / 12 indicate that this material should be safer than LiCoO 2 . Li [ Ni x Li ( 1 / 3 − 2 x / 3 ) Mn ( 2 / 3 − x / 3 ) ] O 2 with x = 1 / 3 , 5/12, and 1/2 can be cycled between 2.0 and 4.6 V to give capacities of about 200, 180, and 160 mAh/g, respectively, at 30°C. Li [ Ni x Li ( 1 / 3 − 2 x / 3 ) Mn ( 2 / 3 − x / 3 ) ] O 2 with x = 1 / 3 gives a capacity of 220 mAh/g at 55°C between 2.0 and 4.6 V using a current density of 30 mA/g. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".