Electrically charged droplet: case study of a simple generator
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the behavior of a simple apparatus that allows charging droplets by induction. We imposed the following constraints: (i) any liquid should be charged (more precisely whatever its surface tension and therefore whatever its wettability, capillary length, etc.); and (ii) the system is to remain as simple as possible. The design of the device results of a compromise regarding both constraints. The device developed is based on a planar capacitor in which the droplets are generated. The influence of the nature of the liquid (i.e., presence of ions in solution, polarity, surface tension, and conductivity) on the charge induced was measured and was found to be independent of the liquid properties (except for the silicone oil). We deduced that, in the considered configuration, fluids behave like a “perfect conductor” as soon as conductive relaxation time is smaller than the droplet ejection time. Under this condition, the charge has the time to move in the droplet to reach the electrostatic regime.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it