Bibliographic record
Abstract
Asbestos is a term referring to six naturally occurring silicate materials used commercially for their intrinsic properties of high tensile strength, heat and fire resistance, as well as acoustic and thermal insulation. The English name is derived from a Greek term meaning “inextinguishable.” Aside from its fire retardant properties, humans also discovered early on that asbestos fibres were strong enough to be woven—such that the traditional Chinese character for asbestos 石棉 actually means “stone cotton.” Asbestos fibres occur in two natural configurations, amphibole and serpentine, with a derivative of the latter (chrysotile), accounting for around 95% of all asbestos used around the world. Being more flexible than the amphibole forms, chrysotile asbestos was the most commonly used variant throughout the 20th Century—often as asbestos cement roofing, wall sheeting, water storage tanks and brake pads. Chrysotile mining began in Quebec, Canada, in the late 1870s, and by the 1980s, consumption of asbestos products in the United States alone, had exceeded half a million tons per year.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".