Quelques Considérations Sur Le Droit À Un Avocat Pour Les Indigents Accusés De Crimes Internationaux (A Few Considerations Pertaining to the Right to a Lawyer for Indigents Accused of International Crimes)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Les instruments juridiques internationaux garantissent a toute personne accusee d'un crime international le droit a un avocat de son choix. Dans la pratique cependant, l'exercice de ce droit est subordonne a la situation financiere de l'accuse. Celui-ci a le droit de choisir son avocat s'il y a les moyens de le payer. S'il n'est pas nanti, il se voit commettre d'office un avocat figurant sur une liste compilee par le greffe du tribunal devant lequel il comparait sans la possibilite d'exercer veritablement un choix. Dans le but de permettre aux accuses indigents d'assurer et de controler convenablement leur defense, notre article suggere l'universalisation du droit de choisir leurs avocats independamment de leur situation financiere. Cette conclusion est fondee sur le souci d'egalite des accuses, la complexite des procedures penales internationales, la gravite des accusations ainsi que la severite des sanctions applicables. English Abstract: International legal instruments provide that all persons accused of an international crime have the right to counsel of their choice. In practice, however, the implementation of this rule is subordinated to their financial situation. The accused is entitled to choose where he or she can pay the related legal fees. In cases of indigence, a counsel is assigned to the accused from the list compiled by the registrar's office of the relevant tribunal. There is therefore no real choice for the accused. In order to ensure that financially deprived accused have a proper defense and reasonable control in the matter, this articles suggests that the right to counsel of choice, regardless of financial means, should be universalized. The grounds for this conclusion are the need to treat all accused equally, the complexity of international criminal procedures, and the severity of both the crimes and applicable penalties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".