Effect of Pressure on the Rheological Properties of Maya Crude Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At atmospheric pressure, hydrocarbon resources, such as bitumen and Maya and other heavy oils, have been shown to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior at or below typical ambient temperatures. This work is devoted to investigating the effect of pressure on the non-Newtonian rheological properties of Maya crude oil (a commercial heavy oil blend from Mexico). Measurements were performed from 258 to 333 K, using a stress-controlled rheometer, at pressures up to 150 bar and over a broad range of shear rates. Maya crude oil was shown to be a shear-thinning fluid below 313 K exhibiting thixotropy below 293 K, at atmospheric pressure, in a prior work. At fixed temperature, the magnitude of the non-Newtonian behaviors of Maya crude oil appears to increase with increasing pressure, and shear thinning is shown to persist to higher pressures below 313 K. Boundaries of the non-Newtonian region with respect to temperature, pressure, and viscosity are identified and discussed. The thixotropic behavior of Maya crude oil is also shown to persist at higher pressure, and the recovery of the moduli at rest appears to be faster at elevated pressures than at atmospheric pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".