The Equality Impact of the Unemployment Crisis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extent of the Great Recession in Ireland is well documented. Real GDP fell by 10 per cent between 2008 and 2010 (Barrett and McGuinness, 2012). The impact that this large fall in economic activity had on the country’s labour market was severe, with Ireland’s overall unemployment rate increasing from 4.6 per cent in 2006 to 15 per cent in 2012, while the numbers in employment fell from 68.5 per cent to 58.8 per cent over the same time period. Long-term unemployment also increased considerably from 1.5 per cent in 2006 to 9.2 per cent in 2012. Fortunately, some modest economic growth since 2012 (see Duffy et al., 2014) has resulted in unemployment beginning to fall and increases in employment: by Quarter 1 2015, the unemployment rate stood at 9.9 per cent and the employment rate 62.2 per cent, while the long-term unemployment rate has fallen to 5.9 per cent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".