The Use of Navy C-Ring Specimens to Investigate the Effects of Initial Microstructure and Heat Treatment on the Residual Stress, Retained Austenite, and Distortion of Carburized Automotive Steels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Steels such as SAE 8620 and PS-18 are typically used in the carburized condition for powertrain applications in the automotive industry. Such steels always contain retained austenite to varying degrees in both the ashardened and tempered microstructures. As well as retained austenite, heat treatment can produce residual stresses, which lead to both size and shape distortions. The intent of this study was to investigate the effects of initial microstructure, composition, and heat treatment on the amount of residual stress, retained austenite, and distortion in carburized SAE 8620 and PS-18 steels. A specially designed specimen, the Navy C-ring, was used to evaluate distortion. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the residual stress and the amount of retained austenite.</div>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".