Mixed Reactant Low Temperature Fuel Cells: The Swiss-Roll Cell Design and Selective Electrocatalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eliminating the proton exchange membrane (PEM) together with the platinum-based anode and cathode catalysts and replacing the bulky bipolar plates with lighter and flexible alternatives, would significantly improve the economic outlook of low temperature fuel cells operated with liquid fuels. To address the afore-mentioned issues of PEM fuel cells, at the University of British Columbia we have developed a novel mixed reactant fuel cell design referred to as the Swiss-roll cell, fed with a two-phase mixture of liquid fuel and air (or oxygen) [1-5]. Here, a research progress review is presented related to both selective electrocatalysis and Swiss-roll cell engineering applied to two alkaline fuel cell systems: sodium borohydride – oxygen and sodium borohydride – nitrous oxide, respectively. On the anode, the borohydride electro-oxidation reaction is a complex, up to eight electron transfer process, with possibly competing hydrogen evolution generated by either faradaic (i.e., electrocatalytic) or non-faradaic (i.e., thermocatalytic) pathways. Experimental results correlated with density functional theory modelling predictions are discussed focused on the borohdyride electro-oxidation mechanism on catalysts such as: Pt, Au and Os. On the cathode side, in case of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media the comparative performance of gas diffusion electrodes with electrocatalysts such as MnO2, Ag and Fe-aminoantypyrine (Fe-AAPyr) is presented. For nitrous oxide reduction, the electrode kinetics on Pd and Pt electrocatalysts are compared. It is shown that the selective electrocatalyst discovery combined with cell electrochemical engineering innovations enables significant improvements in the power output, reaching 250 mW/cm2 for the membrane-free Swiss-roll mixed-reactant direct borohdyride fuel cell operated at 50 0C and near atmospheric pressure using non-platinum anode and cathode catalysts. References: A. Aziznia, C. Oloman and E.L. Gyenge, J.Power Sources , 212, 154-160 (2012). A. Aziznia, C. Oloman and E.L. Gyenge, ChemSusChem , 6, 847-855 (2013). A. Serov, A. Aziznia, P. H. Benhangi, K. Artyushkova, P. Atanassov and E. Gyenge, J. Mat. Chem. A, 1, 14384-14391, (2013). A. Aziznia, C. Oloman and E.L. Gyenge, J.Power Sources , 265, 201-213 (2014). C. W. Oloman, British Patent GB 2474202, 2012. Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".