Abstract: Late Quaternary relative sea-level variations in the North Atlantic: comparison of mid-Holocene highstands to the last interglacial (isotope stage 5e) highstands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have sea-level curves covering the last 16,000 years from several locations in Maritime Canada but the most interesting part of the record is the last 8000 years when there is a combination of water level and land level changes that interact to produce some complex sea-level records. From 'Texas to Nova Scotia we have accelerated sea-level rise between about 6000 to 4000ybp and in South Carolina we are able to see a drop after 4200ybp. In most places in the North Atlantic there are no higher than present Holocene sea levels except perhaps Texas. However we do see, especially in Nova Scotia, what have been called shorelines which predate the last glacial and are 5l Om above present sea level. These have been discussed in the past as correlative with the worldwide stage 5e highstands of sea level, but are they really time correlative? Sea level is presently rising all along the Atlantic coast of North America and nowhere is it rising faster than in Nova Scotia. This rise has been going on for at least the last 7000 years at a rate of 20-30cm/century with an acceleration between 5000 and 4000 ybp where rates of rise were up to a metre/century. With the exception of the rapid acceleration, we believe this rise is a result of crustal adjustment following deglaciation and it if the present is the key to the past this would have happened in the last interglacial also. Most of the mid-Holocene highstands that are above present sea level are in South America or Africa where there was no glacial-isostatic adjustment-these levels are comparable to the stage 5e shorelines in the same areas. However in the North Atlantic we have not attained the highstand yet and hence probably the shorelines in Nova Scotia are not really time correlative with other stage 5e shorelines. They also do not represent the climatic optimum but some time after related to when either another glacial (stage 4) commenced or the earth finally adjusted isostatically. Judging by the Holocene experience that would be at least 4000 to 5000 years AFTER the climatic optimum of stage 5e. This same relationship must also be true for many other North Atlantic shorelines, especially in the UK where the sea-level history is similar to Nova Scotia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".