Low-voltage integrated RF CMOS modules and frontend for 5 GHz and beyond
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter has demonstrated the potential of using standard digital state-of-the-art submicron CMOS technologies to realise critical radio frequency integrated circuit building blocks, operating in the gigahertz range. In order to cope with the trend of technology down-scaling, and the continuous decrease in the supply voltages of digital circuitry, the work focused on circuit architectures and topologies suitable for operation from 1 V supplies and lower, while delivering performances comparable, and in some respects, better than similar circuits requiring higher supply voltages. In particular, a folded cascode LNA structure was shown to be very versatile. It allows gain tuning without any additional circuit complexity or performance degrada tion. Similarly, a very low voltage VCO structure that maintains all the features of the conventional complementary differential LC VCO circuit, while operating from a much lower supply, and providing a wider tuning range, was proposed. Finally, a complete 5 GHz receiver frontend that was optimised for operation from a supply voltage as low as 0.8 V, and that features high image rejection, was presented. All the architectures and circuits proposed were demonstrated through measure ments from different IC prototypes. It should be noted that the CMOS technology we used did not offer any special RF oriented devices, such as thick metal layers, etc. In practice, that would be the case, suggesting that the performances reported in this chapter are expected to be further improved. Finally, this chapter discussed practical integrated inductor design guidelines and layout techniques, which are both crucial for the success of any RF circuit implementation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it