The Challenges of African Immigrants’ Entrepreneurship in Canada: A Case Study of African Immigrants Residing in Calgary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this research is to analyze the challenges that African immigrants encounter in entrepreneurship. The Canadian government acknowledges that immigrant entrepreneurship is important for the economic growth of the country and thus has made Canada a viable place for immigrant entrepreneurs. Little is known about African immigrant in entrepreneurship. Therefore this study gives a voice to African immigrant entrepreneurs by employing a qualitative in-depth interview method to understand the challenges encountered by these entrepreneurs in Calgary. Major findings of the study include: racism from whites, internalized racism and gender differences. Critical Race Theory and Feminist theory were the theoretical frameworks used in the study. The study has also examined how racism and sexism interplay and disadvantage Black women in entrepreneurship. This research is to fill in gaps in literature on immigrant entrepreneurship in Canada by adding the experiences of African immigrants and analyzing how racism against racialised groups in Canada continues to exist.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.043 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".