Poles Apart - A Tale of Two Early 20th Century Expeditions to the Ends of the Earth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By the late 19th century, there was not much left to “discover” on this earth in terms of geography. Since Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic 400 years before and others such as Magellan, Vasco de Gama, Drake, and latterly Cook had voyaged to unknown part of our planet and discovered new lands. Only the Polar Regions remained somewhat of a geographic mystery. In 1913 two polar expeditions were planned, one going south the other north. These expeditions had many similarities but had different leadership styles and quite different outcomes. The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, organized and led by Ernest Shackleton went south, while The Canadian Arctic Expedition, organized by Vilhjalmur Stefansson went north Both these expeditions lost there ships early in their endeavours; in one, all survived and the other had considerable loss of life: one failed to achieve any of its objectives while the other was successful in reaching its primary goal This address will compare and contrast these two events and attempt to draw conclusions which may still be relevant for today’s Arctic activities Two poles – two ships – two leaders – two outcomes……
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".