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Record W2243727471 · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807268.035

Gandhi and the ‘Four Canonical Aims’ of Life (<i>Purusharthas</i>)

2009· book-chapter· en· W2243727471 on OpenAlexaff
Anthony J. Parel

Bibliographic record

VenueCambridge University Press eBooks · 2009
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicIndian History and Philosophy
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNon canonicalMathematicsBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

An updated theory of the ‘canonical aims of life’ ( Purusharthas ) is the general framework of Gandhi's philosophy. The good life consists in the co-ordinated pursuit of dharma (ethical integrity), artha (wealth and power, or economics and politics), kama (pleasure) and moksha (spiritual transcendence). Supporting evidence is presented below. [Ed.] From Gandhi's Foreword to Gokhale's Speeches Gandhi regarded Gokhale as his ‘political guru’. In the Foreword he states that the secret of Gokhale's achievements was the co-ordinated pursuit of artha, dharma and moksha. [Ed.] In these difficult and degenerate times [ kali-kal ], the pure spirit of dharma is hardly in evidence anywhere. Men who go about the world calling themselves rishis , munis and sadhus rarely show this spirit in themselves. Obviously, they have no great treasure of dharma to guard … I have not the least doubt that Gokhale was wise in the truth of the Self. He never made a show of ritual practices but his life was full of the true spirit of dharma. Every age is known to have its predominant mode of spiritual effort [ pravartti ] best suited for the attainment of moksha. Whenever the spirit of dharma is on the decline, it is revived through such an effort [ pravartti ] in tune with the times. In this age, our degradation reveals itself through our political condition. Not taking a comprehensive view of things, we run away with the belief that, if but our political conditions improved, we would rise from this fallen state. This is only partially true.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.006
Threshold uncertainty score0.024

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.012
Scholarly communication0.0040.002
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.034
GPT teacher head0.165
Teacher spread0.131 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2009
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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