Pressure Rise inside a Vessel Communicating with outside and Subject to a Shock Wave of Arbitrary Positive Time Duration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An important aspect of shock attenuation is the expansion of a shock wave through an orifice into a confined space. This is of particular interest in any breathing devices like air intakes, air raid shelters, etc. The prediction of the pressure rise history inside a vessel of arbitrary volume and communicating orifice is studied by dividing the process into two parts: i) The oscillatory pressure component related to the arrival of the expanded wave at the far end of the vessel followed by the first pressure peak. ii) The continuous component related to the filling of the vessel by the shock wave crossing the entry. The solution consists of superposition of these two components. Different boundary conditions are discussed and general solutions are given for a step, triangular and exponential wave of arbitrary positive time duration with subsonic and choked flaw at the orifice. The theory is confirmed by experimental results obtained from the Shock Tube Laboratories at D.R.E., Suffield and The University of Calgary. Experimental data is given to predict coefficients of discharge of typical orifices as well as the first pressure peaks for vessels of various volumes, orifice diameters and entry geometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".