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Directed search for continuous gravitational waves from the Galactic center
J. Aasi, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, T. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, E. Amador Ceron, D. Amariutei, R. A. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, S. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, Larry Austin, B. E. Aylott, S. Babak, P. T. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, D. Barker, S. H. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, J. Bauchrowitz, Thomas Bauer, M. Bebronne, B. Behnke, M. Bejger, M. G. Beker, A. S. Bell, C. Bell, Ilya Belopolski, G. Bergmann, J. M. Berliner, A. Bertolini, D. Bessis, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, T. Bhadbhade, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, E. Black, J. K. Blackburn, Lindy Blackburn, D. G. Blair, M. Blom, O. Bock, T. P. Bodiya, M. Boër, C. Bogan, C. Bond, F. Bondu, L. Bonelli, R. Bonnand, R. Bork, M. Born, S. Bose, L. Bosi, J. Bowers, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, Carl Brannen, J. E. Brau, J. Breyer, T. Briant, D. O. Bridges, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, M. Britzger, A. F. Brooks, D. Brown, Frank Brückner, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, Robert L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. Calderón Bustillo, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, P. Campsie, K. C. Cannon, B. Canuel, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, F. Carbognani, L. Carbone, S. Caride, A. Castiglia, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. Cepeda, E. Cesarini, R. Chakraborty, T. Chalermsongsak, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande‐Mottin, X. Chen, Y. Chen, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, H. S. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, M. Cieślar, S. Chung, G. Ciani, F. Clara, Daniel E. Clark, J. A. Clark, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.‐F. Cohadon, A. Colla, M. Colombini, M. Constancio, A. Conte, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. R. Corbitt, M. Cordier, Neil J. Cornish, A. Corsi, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, J.‐P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, K. Craig, J. D. E. Creighton, S. G. Crowder, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, K. Dahl, T. Dal Canton, M. Damjanic, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, V. Dattilo, B. Daudert, H. Daveloza, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, E. J. Daw, R. Day, T. Dayanga, R. De Rosa, G. Debreczeni, J. Degallaix, W. Del Pozzo, E. Deleeuw, S. Deléglise, T. Denker, T. Dent, H. Dereli, V. Dergachev, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, L. Di Fiore, A. Di Lieto, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, M. C. Díaz, A. Dietz, K. Dmitry, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, J.‐C. Dumas, S. E. Dwyer, T. Eberle, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, G. Endrőczi, R. C. Essick, T. Etzel, K. Evans, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, S. Fairhurst, Q. Fang, B. Farr, Will M. Farr, M. Favata, D. Fazi, H. Fehrmann, D. Feldbaum, I. Ferrante, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, L. S. Finn, I. Fiori, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, E. Foley, S. Foley, E. Forsi, L. A. Forte, N. Fotopoulos, J.‐D. Fournier, Sebastián Franco, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, M. Frede, M. Frei, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M.-K. Fujimoto, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, J. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, Javier A. García, F. Garufi, N. Gehrels, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, L. Gergely, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, S. Gil-Casanova, C. Gill, J. Gleason, E. Goetz, L. Gondán, G. González, Neil Gordon, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, S. Goßler, R. Gouaty, C. Graef, P. B. Graff, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, C. Griffo, H. Grote, K. Grover, S. Grünewald, G. M. Guidi, C. Guido, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, Benjamin Hall, E. D. Hall, D. Hammer, G. 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Хазанов, B. K. Kim, C. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, E. J. King, Peter King, D. L. Kinzel, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, J. Kline, S. M. Koehlenbeck, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, S. Koranda, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, A. Kremin, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, C. Kucharczyk, Stephen S. Kudla, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kurdyumov, P. Kwee, M. Landry, B. Lantz, Shane L. Larson, P. D. Lasky, Craig Lawrie, A. Lazzarini, A. Le Roux, P. Leaci, E. O. Lebigot, Chang‐Hwan Lee, H. K. Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, B. Levine, J. B. Lewis, T. G. F. Li, A. C. Lin, T. B. Littenberg, V. Litvine, Feng Liu, H. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, David Lloyd, N. A. Lockerbie, V. Lockett, D. Lodhia, K. M. Loew, J. Logue, A. L. Lombardi, M. Lorenzini, Vincent Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, Jing Luan, M. J. Lubinski, A. P. Lundgren, John L. MacArthur, E. Macdonald, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F. Magana-Sandoval, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, G. M. Manca, Ilya Mandel, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, A. Markosyan, E. Maros, J. Marque, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, L. Martinelli, Д. В. Мартынов, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, F. Matichard, L. Matone, R. A. Matzner, N. Mavalvala, G. May, N. Mazumder, G. Mazzolo, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, J. McIver, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, J. Meidam, T. Meier, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, M. S. Meyer, H. Miao, C. Michel, Е. Е. Михайлов, L. Milano, J. Miller, Y. Minenkov, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, B. Moe, Man Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, F. Mokler, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, N. Morgado, T. Mori, S. R. Morriss, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, C. M. Mow–Lowry, C. L. Mueller, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, A. Mullavey, J. Münch, D. Murphy, P. G. Murray, A. Mytidis, M. F. Nagy, Deepak Kumar, I. Nardecchia, T. Nash, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, V. Necula, I. Neri, G. Newton, T. Nguyen, E. Nishida, A. Nishizawa, A. Nitz, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L. K. Nuttall, E. Ochsner, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, P. Oppermann, B. O’Reilly, W. Ortega Larcher, R. O’Shaughnessy, C. Osthelder, D. J. Ottaway, R. S. Ottens, J. Ou, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, C. Padilla, A. Pai, C. Palomba, Yijie Pan, C. Pankow, F. Paoletti, R. Paoletti, M. A. Papa, H. Paris, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Pedraza, P. Peiris, S. Penn, A. Perreca, M. Phelps, M. Pichot, M. Pickenpack, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, B. Pindor, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. J. Pletsch, J. Poeld, R. Poggiani, V. Poole, C. Poux, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, L. R. Price, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, R. Prix, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, István Rácz, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, G. Rajalakshmi, M. Rakhmanov, C. Ramet, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, V. Re, C. M. Reed, T. Reed, T. Regimbau, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, R. Riesen, K. Riles, N. A. Robertson, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Roddy, Carl L. Rodriguez, M. Rodruck, C. Roever, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, R. Romano, G. Romanov, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, F. Salemi, L. Sammut, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, V. Sannibale, I. Santiago-Prieto, E. Saracco, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, R. L. Savage, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. Schulz, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, A. Sergeev, D. Shaddock, S. Shah, M. S. Shahriar, M. Shaltev, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, T. L. Sidery, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, D. Simakov, A. Singer, L. Singer, A. M. Sintes, G. Skelton, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, K. Soden, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, T. Souradeep, L. Sperandio, A. Staley, E. Steinert, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, S. Steplewski, D. Stevens, A. Stochino, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, S. Strigin, A. S. Stroeer, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, S. Susmithan, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, G. Szeifert, M. Tacca, D. Talukder, L. Tang, D. B. Tanner, S. P. Tarabrin, R. Taylor, A. P. M. ter Braack, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, E. Thrane, V. Tiwari, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Tomlinson, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, O. Torre, C. V. Torres, C. I. Torrie, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Tse, D. Ugolini, G. Vajente, M. Vallisneri, J. F. J. van den Brand, S. van der Putten, Marc van der Sluys, J. V. van Heijningen, A. A. van Veggel, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, R. Vaulin, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, D. Verkindt, S. Verma, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, R. Vincent-Finley, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, B. Vlcek, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, W. D. Vousden, D. Vrinceanu, S. P. Vyachanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, S. J. Waldman, M. Walker, L. Wallace, Y. Wan, Jenny Wang, M. Wang, X. Wang, A. Wanner, R. L. Ward, M. Was, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, T. Welborn, L. Wen, P. Weßels, M. West, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, D. J. White, B. F. Whiting, S. Wibowo, K. Wiesner, C. Wilkinson, L. Williams, R. Williams, T. Williams, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. Wimmer, L. Winkelmann, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Worden, J. Yablon, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, Huan Yang, D. Yeaton-Massey, S. Yoshida, H. Yum, M. Yvert, Adam Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, J.-P. Zendri, F. Zhang, L. Zhang, C. Zhao, H. Zhu, X. J. Zhu, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsCanadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsPerimeter InstituteUniversity of Toronto
FundersIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistero dello Sviluppo EconomicoNational Research Foundation of KoreaMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIndustry CanadaGovern de les Illes BalearsFundacja na rzecz Nauki PolskiejScottish Funding CouncilInstitut des Origines de LyonScottish Universities Physics AllianceHungarian Scientific Research FundLeverhulme TrustNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNational Research FoundationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsLIGOGravitational wavePhysicsGalactic CenterAmplitudeNeutron starAstrophysicsCenter (category theory)Gravitational-wave observatoryRange (aeronautics)Gravitational-wave astronomyAstronomyStarsOpticsAerospace engineering
Abstract
We present the results of a directed search for continuous gravitational waves from unknown, isolated neutron stars in the Galactic center region, performed on two years of data from LIGO's fifth science run from two LIGO detectors. The search uses a semicoherent approach, analyzing coherently 630 segments, each spanning 11.5 hours, and then incoherently combining the results of the single segments. It covers gravitational wave frequencies in a range from 78 to 496 Hz and a frequency-dependent range of first-order spindown values down to $\ensuremath{-}7.86\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}/\mathrm{s}$ at the highest frequency. No gravitational waves were detected. The 90% confidence upper limits on the gravitational wave amplitude of sources at the Galactic center are $\ensuremath{\sim}3.35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}25}$ for frequencies near 150 Hz. These upper limits are the most constraining to date for a large-parameter-space search for continuous gravitational wave signals.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.009
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.352
Teacher spread0.330 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations78
Published2013
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes