Catholic and Malthusian: the Entrepreneurs of Tourcoing in the Nineteenth Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Die Religion ist ein Faktor, von dem erwartet wird, dass er das demographische Verhalten beeinflusst. Zum Beispiel sollte es die lang anhaltende Opposition der katholischen Kirche gegen Kontrazeption Paaren schwierig gemacht haben, den Umfang ihrer Familien zu kontrollieren, von denen oft angenommen wird, dass sie größer als der Durchschnitt waren. Seit der Arbeit von Landes (1976) werden große Familien, welche den intensiven Katholizismus der Gruppe widerspiegeln, als einer der Gründe für Nordfrankreichs schnelle Industrialisierung im 19. Jahrhundert beschrieben. Eine Studie des generativen Verhaltens der Industriellen zeigt indes, dass diese sozioökonomische Gruppe ihre Nachkommenschaft als Antwort auf ökonomischen Zwang begrenzte. Obwohl die Religion wahrscheinlich einen Einfluss auf ihre Fertilität hatte, wirkte sie nicht determinierend.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".