Mechanisms of Ice Softening under High Pressure and Shear
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Under high hydrostatic pressure combined with shear, the structure of polycrystalline ice breaks down into fine-grained material by a process of recrystallization. Accompanying this process is a substantial softening of the material. Measurements of activation energy at low strains prior to the breakdown of structure, at temperatures of -10 °C, show an increase of activation energy from about 80 kJ mol-1 to about 120 kJ mol -1 as the pressure increases, with values at about 70 MPa similar to those found by other researchers for temperatures between -10 and 0 °C. These results suggest that grain boundary effects might result in the increased strain rates. The various energies that might drive the subsequent recrystallization process have been investigated. The results suggest strongly that elastic strain energy is the driving force in the process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".