A review of the morphological and mechanical properties of first-year sea ice ridges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A review of full-scale first-year sea ice ridges is presented with a special focus on the morphological and mechanical properties. Ridges from 1971 to present are described. The study area covers the Arctic Ocean, the Canadian and Russian Seas, the Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea and the fjords of Svalbard. The morphological properties (e.g. the sail height and the keel depth) of 204 ridges are listed. The morphology of a ridge is commonly specified by the keel-to-sail ratio, which is influenced by the shape of the ridge itself and the calculation method. Each of these calculation methods leads to much different results and interpretations. The correlation between the sail height and the keel depth was best characterized by a logarithmic relationship. A short statistical analysis revealed that the keel-to-sail ratios had a lognormal distribution. Finally, determining the strength of a first-year ice ridge is more difficult than level ice. It can be described by “localized” tests (confined and unconfined compressive tests, drop ball tests), where separate samples from the ridge are tested, or by “globalized” tests (direct shear tests, punch shear tests), where the resistance of the whole structure is tested. Very little data exist and are available, but a list of authors reporting such tests is given as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".