Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory Airway Disease has been reported in young racehorses worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of airway inflammation in an actively racing population of horses and to describe and quantify the degree of lung lesions in this population of horses. The Ontario Death Registry program provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the lungs of actively racing horses that died or were euthanized due to catastrophic injuries while racing or training. Lung sections of 95 horses were included in the study and evaluated using a previously validated histological airway scoring system. Additionally, staining with Toluidine blue and immunohistochemical labeling was performed on a subset of horses to further characterize the inflammation. Inflammatory cell infiltration, smooth muscle hyperplasia and hemosiderin were commonly found. The airway lesion scores were significantly higher in the caudal and dorsal sections of the lungs than in other areas. There was no correlation between the individual scores and either breed, sex, age, cause of death or performance index. The inflammatory and smooth muscle scores were normally distributed and the hemosiderin score was not. The inflammatory cell infiltration was composed of mononuclear cells, with increased number of mast cells and eosinophils in 3/20 and 12/95 horses respectively. Immunohistochemical labeling showed the inflammation around the airway to be composed of 41.0% CD3-positive T cells and 5.8% CD79a-positive B cells. In addition to the airway findings, inflammatory cell aggregates were observed around the pulmonary blood vessels and in the alveolar septa in 67/95 and 71/95 horses respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a histologic evaluation of a population of actively racing horses in which airway inflammation is a common finding.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".