The Study of Chinese Nian Customs: Spring Festival Couplets/LES ÉTUDES SUR LES COUTUMES DE NIAN CHINOIS: LES COUPLETS DE LA FETE DU PRINTEMPS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This paper focuses on the study of the unique art form of Chinese literature - Spring Festival couplets. It probes into the origin, evolution and history of the development of this typical Chinese Nian custom. It reveals the implications of Chinese culture and the connotations of the folklore contained in Spring Festival couplets. It shows the national psychology of optimism, positive attitude of life and the pursuit of happiness of Chinese people. Based on the study of many historical and modern literatures, the author approaches the subject from different angles and gives her understanding and opinions of the couplets in this paper. Key words: Spring Festival couplets; Customs; History; Characteristics; Connotation Resume: Le present document se concentre sur l'etude de la forme d'art unique de la litterature chinoise - les couplets de la Fete du Printemps. Il sonde dans l'origine, dans l'evolution et dans l'histoire du developpement de cette coutume de Nian typiquement chinois. Il revele les implications de la culture chinoise et les connotations du folklore figurant dans les couplets de la Fete du Printemps. Il montre la psychologie nationale de l'optimisme, l'attitude positive de la vie et la poursuite du bonheur du peuple chinois. Sur la base de l'etude de nombreuses litteratures modernes et historiques, l'auteur aborde le sujet sous des angles differents et donne sa propre comprehension et ses opinions des couplets dans le present document. Mots-Cles: couplets de la Fete du Printemps; coutumes; histoire; characteristiques; connotation 1. INTRODUCTION The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first month according to Chinese lunar calendar. It is called Nian in Chinese. Nian is the beginning of a new year and the biggest and most exciting festival for Chinese people. Like Christmas in the West, the Spring Festival is a time when all the family members get together. People living away from home would go back to have a family reunion, no matter how difficult it may be, whether you have money or not. But there is also something different. During the Spring Festival season, a variety of particular activities are held to mark the occasion, in which traditional Chinese ethnic and folk culture are displayed and performed. There are the ceremonies to pay homage to their ancestors, usher in the new time, and pray for good luck with colorful ethnic characteristics. There are activities to celebrate the Nian with folk features, for example, holding the Spring Festival galas, doing the yangkos (a popular folk dance), playing lion(dragon in some places) dance, holding lantern festival, setting off firecrackers, etc.. It is these activities that carry forward China's civilization and maintain its long-standing tradition of culture. Among the many customs of the celebrations, pasting Spring Festival couplets is one of the most popular ones maintained today. This tradition has a long history and rich social and cultural connotations. In its way of evolution, typical Chinese ethical feelings, life consciousness and cultural pursuit are condensed. 2. THE EVOLUTIONAL HISTORY OF SPRING FESTIVAL COUPLETS Spring Festival couplets are called in Chinese. An early form of Spring Festival couplets is Tao Fu. According to The BookofYanjing Times2, Chunlian is Tao (Fu Cha Dunchong, Qing dynasty). Tao Fu refers to peach wood charms against evil, hung on the two sides of the gate on the lunar New Year's Eve. On two pieces of mahogany, the drawings or names of Gate Gods are carved or painted. In ancient times, Chinese people believed that peach wood could ward off evil. The stories of peach branches or peach wood being used to ward off evils can be found in the early literatures, such as: The Book of Rite3, The Biography ofZuo4 , and Zhuangzi5 etc.. This belief has its origin. According to Mountain and Sea Classics6 , a very long time ago, there was a mountain named Dusu in the East Sea. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Other design | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".