Summary of collapsible behaviour of artificially structured loess in oedometer and triaxial wetting tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper summarizes experimental studies on wetting-induced collapsibility in loess using single-oedometer, double-oedometer, and triaxial wetting tests. Artificially structural loess samples with interparticle bonding calcite (CaCO3) and a large void ratio were tested in the laboratory to avoid sampling disturbance of natural loess. The comparison between the single- and double-oedometer tests confirms that the wetting-induced deformation is independent of the sequence of wetting and loading. The conventional triaxial apparatus was enhanced for investigating the collapse deformation in response to different water content increments when subjected to different stress levels. The wetting-induced strain subjected to high confining pressure develops in two steps. It increases with increasing water content and reaches a relatively stable plateau, and then increases rapidly again until a final stable state is reached. The initial collapse surface was found by plotting the wetting-induced strain vectors observed in triaxial wetting tests. The wetting-induced strain is negligible when a specimen is wetted at a stress point inside this surface, while it becomes significant when wetted beyond this surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".