Circumstances beyond our control : Canadian radio program schedule evolution during the 1930's
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the best efforts of many Canadian nationalists and government agencies to control and develop radio broadcasting in the 1930s such factors as the abilities, strengths and weaknesses of the private broadcasters as well as the availability of various types and forms of programming governed the direction and development of the program schedule offered to listeners during the decade. A simple random sample of radio program schedules has been selected from The Vancouver Sun, The Montreal Gazette and The Halifax Herald employing three weeks from each year of the decade for all three cities. A content analysis of the sample was conducted to assess trends and the development of Canadian radio programming in the 1930s. This analysis has allowed for the re-creation of the broadcasting environments of Vancouver, Halifax and Montreal and permitted the development of a typology that describes the stages of the evolution of Canadian radio stations from novice to mature. Studying the similarities of programming strategies as these radio stations moved through common stages of development isolates and amplifies the impact of local and national circumstances. Canadian radio stations operated within a fixed framework determined by their geographical location, local population distribution, language and wavelength restrictions. Successful survival depended upon their objectives, financing and to a significant extent, the manipulation of their program schedules. Most importantly, these stations existed within the context of a broader North American radio industry characterized by the domination of networks. In the United States during the 1930s, NBC, CBS and Mutual modelled the development of diversified program genres. In Canada, the creation of a public broadcasting body, first the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) and then the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), was the most significant innovation in Canadian broadcasting history. Through the analysis of program schedules, this thesis explores and explains how Canadian radio stations survived the Depression decade by diversifying their offerings through the use of a combination of local and network, Canadian and American programming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".