Sports injuries and risk factors in youth soccer [Abstract].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify all risk factors for injury in youth ice hockey.The secondary objective was to determine the risk factors for severe injury in this population.Data Sources: Ten electronic databases, ''grey literature'' and the American Society for Testing and Materials Safety in Ice Hockey series (Vol.1-4) were systematically searched to identify articles examining risk factors for injury in youth ice hockey. Study Selection:The following criteria were applied to all potential articles and initial search results were screened based on a priori study selection criteria: (1) The article was based on primary research with original data.(2) The study population included youth ice hockey players (under age 18).(3) The outcome measure included only injuries sustained during ice hockey participation.(4) The study included one or more potential risk factors and/or prevention strategies for ice hockey injury.(5) The article was published in English.Review articles and case studies were excluded.Studies examining risk in leagues above the Junior age group of play (aged 17-18 years) were also excluded.In total 22 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Data Extraction:The data extracted included study design, study population, risk factor of interest measured, injury definition(s), and results.Point estimates (including 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of odds ratios (ORs) or rate ratios (RRs) were calculated where study data were adequate to do so if these were not reported in the reviewed studies.If the authors provided any data differentiating ''minor injury'' and ''severe injury'', risk factors were considered for each.Data Synthesis: Participation in games, compared with practices, was associated with an increased risk of injury in all studies examined.Age, level of play and player position produced inconsistent findings.Body checking was identified as a significant risk factor for all injuries (summary RR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.7-3.6)and concussion (summary OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.2-2.44).Conclusions: Findings regarding most risk factors for injury remain inconclusive; however, body checking was found to be associated with an increased risk of injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".