La norme esclavagiste, entre pratique coutumière et norme étatique: les esclaves panis et leur statut juridique au Canada (XVIIe-XVIIIes) (Slavery Standard, between Customary Practice and State Norm: Pawnee Slaves and their Legal Status in Canada (XVII-XVIII Centuries)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Frenh Abstract: L'esclavage en Nouvelle-France a donne lieu a de nombreux travaux - au premier rang desquels ceux du Professeur Trudel - qui ont ete marque par des debats parfois vifs au sein de l'historiographie canadienne. Les questions demographiques, l'esclavage des populations africaines ont largement ete debattues. Toutefois, les juristes et les historiens du droit sont restes trop longtemps eloignes de ces questions. Cette etude, s'appuyant sur un corpus de documents d'archives - parfois inedites -, tente de mettre sous un jour nouveau la condition juridique effective des esclaves - principalement d'origine amerindienne - dans leurs rapports avec les autorites, dans l'accomplissement d'actes juridiques de droit prive. On constate alors l'application a ces populations d'une norme esclavagiste d'essence a la fois coutumiere et administrative distincte pour partie de celle appliquee dans les Antilles. Marquee largement par le contexte particulier de la Nouvelle-France et de sa population servile panis, une condition juridique fort singuliere s'affirme alors, partagee entre le statut de biens meuble et la survivance d'une certaine capacite juridique. English Abstract: Slavery in New France has inspired several writings, namely by Professor Trudel who has covered the topic quite extensively. It has been warmly debated in Canadian historiography. Much has been said about demographic issues and slavery of African people. However, lawyers and legal historians have disregarded the subject altogether for too long. This article, based on a corpus of archival documents, sometimes unpublished, focuses on the true legal status of slaves, especially of Amerindian descent, particularly in their relationship with authorities when performing private legal transactions. It was observed that a slavery standard, essentially customary and administrative in nature, differing somewhat from that of the West Indies, applied to them. Due largely to the particular circumstances existing in New France and to its servile population of Pawnees, slaves revealed to have a singular legal status, falling between that of personal property and enjoyment of some survival form of legal capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".