Status of Pharmacy Administration Education in China: A Survey of Undergraduate Curriculum and Faculty
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pharmacy Administration (Ph.A) became a formal part of undergraduate curriculum in China in 1987. Despite recent growth and diversification, Ph.A curricula remain relatively understudied. Aims: To describe and analyze the status of undergraduate Ph.A education in China. Methods: Survey of pharmacy schools conducted through interviews over the telephone or in person. Results: Among 201 eligible schools, 111 (55%) had a Ph.A curriculum offering a total of 399 courses. Core courses were offered in administration (53%), marketing (15%), jurisprudence (6.5%), systems and regulations (4.8%), and pharmacoeconomics (4.8%). Curricula varied in credit hours and content. A total of 276 staff members were involved in teaching (49% female, 47% part - time) with 79% holding a Master’s degree or less. Sixty - three (57%) schools only utilized part - time faculty. Conclusion: Course structure and content are variable and entry qualifications for teaching staff are lower than for other divisions. Establishing curriculum guidelines and allocating resources to support and attract qualified faculty are recommended.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it