American eel (Anguilla rostrata) substrate selection for daytime refuge and winter thermal sanctuary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We addressed hypotheses that anguillid eels use mud as a substrate refuge only in the absence of substrate cavities, and that the winter distribution of eels in coastal bay and estuarine habitat is limited to waters warmer than the freezing point of fish tissue (~–0.7°C). In the seasonally ice-covered southern Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada, locations of summer fyke and winter spear fisheries indicate that American eels (Anguilla rostrata) are widely distributed in both summer and winter in shallow soft-bottomed bay and estuarine habitat. Captive eels in fresh water preferred mud substrates during summer, during pre-winter cooling and during post-winter warming periods, but in winter chose mud and cobble substrates at approximately equal frequencies. Plasma antifreeze was not detected in blood sampled from eels speared in mud under winter ice. Winter bottom water temperatures in an eel wintering site were below the approximate freezing point of fish tissue 29.9% of the time. Mud of eel wintering grounds is warmer than overlying water and appears to serve as a thermal sanctuary that allows eels to safely overwinter under ice-covered waters. American eels in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence spend ~67% of their annual cycle within the substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".