A Passport to Identity: The Decline of Duality and the Symbolic Appropriation of Québec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canadian society is now marked by a growing vocalization of a distinct identity. Politicians promote this identity to overcome tensions that remain, due to a failure to reconcile institutionally the often-contradictory claims that emanate from a plural society. We explore one aspect of these tensions: the decline of duality and a questioning of Québec’s place in Canada. While there has been a symbolic rearticulation of the importance of Québec in the new “Brand Canada,” this has not been accompanied by a corresponding “doing” of duality, thus not satisfying nationalist pressures in Québec. Symbolic and rhetorical strategies are often employed to deal with public opinion that resists dualism. As we demonstrate in the case of the new (2013) Canadian passport, the Harper government has chosen to symbolically address Québec’s claims; however, this reduces Québec to a historical part of the Canadian identity puzzle. While political pressures may be temporarily addressed, the historic pressures that inform debates about the Canadian identity are likely to continue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".