Lymphotoxin is critically required for the presence of IgA‐promoting iNOS <sup>+</sup> DCs in the intestinal lamina propria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lymphotoxin‐β receptor (LTβR) signaling is essential for IgA production in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) and it has been proposed that LTβR‐signaling is needed for the accumulation of IgA‐secreting B‐1 cells in the LP. Yet, in spite of diminished numbers of B‐1 cells in the LP of LTβR −/− mice, a residual population of B‐1 cells remain and B‐2 cell numbers in the LP are normal. To further explore the mechanism for LTβR‐dependent IgA production in the gut, we hypothesized that LTβR signaling may regulate accessory cells in the LP that influence IgA production by LP‐resident B cells. The LP harbors a recently described subset of iNOS + dendritic cells (DC) that are required for IgA responses. We characterized this DC population in the LP of WT mice as CD11c + CD11b lo Thy1 + CD8α − B220 − and, interestingly, we found that these cells were essentially undetectable in LTβR −/ − mice. In mixed bone marrow chimeras, the presence of iNOS + DC in the LP depended primarily on the expression of LTβR by radio‐resistant cells, whereas the expression of LTβR on DC themselves was not essential. We conclude that the presence of IgA‐promoting iNOS + DCs in the LP requires intact LTβR signaling on the LP stroma, and these data provide a mechanism for defective IgA production in LTβR −/ − mice. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".