Development of Quebec’s International Relations Policy in the Americas (In French)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is impossible “die-to invent the numerical era” which propels the stressing and the acceleration of the phenomenon of continental and world integration. Quebec does not escape the rule and needs an international strategy. The purpose of this call report is to make recommendations in connection with the negotiations of the Free Trade Area of the Americas according to the mandate agreed upon with the ministry for the International Relations of Quebec (MRI), whose principal objective is to suggest a whole of means, mechanisms and politico-administrative decision-making process, which will make possible for the MRI to plan, manage and organize, in a coherent way, the coordination and development of a policy of international relations of Quebec of Americas. The problems are defined in the international context of the Summits of Americas (1994, 1998, 2001), of the Parliamentary Conference of Americas (1997), of the official launching of the negotiations of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (1998) and the Cycle of the Millennium of WTO (2000) (later named Doha Cycle). The framework of reference on the integration of the Western Hemisphere starts with the 1st Summit of the Americas and the Statement of principles and Action plan of Miami (1994). Work of the Tripartite Committee (OAS/IDB/CEPALC) explains the dynamics of the agreements of free trade and integration of the Americas. The 2nd Summit of the Americas results in analyzing the Declaration of Santiago and its Action plan (1998) launching the negotiations of the FTAA from here to 2005 in accordance with the principles and general objectives fixed in the ministerial Declaration of San Jose (1998). Lastly, the framework of reference presents the instruments of coherence and coordination of the policies, the means and mechanisms of development of the international relations policy, the politico-administrative decision-making process, drilled them, the stakes and the priorities of the government of Quebec which declared the Quebec’s Decade of the Americas, 2000-2010. The strategy of research per exploratory case study of the phenomenon of continental and world integration brings the analysis and the interpretation of the results on the decision-making process for Quebec and Canada, the federal and provincial structures of negotiation of Can/US-FTA, NAFTA and Uruguay Round of the GATT/WTO, as well on the conclusion and the implementation of the international agreements according to the constitutional division of legislative powers. The diagnosis identifies five bases in favour of the practice and the presence of Quebec on the international scene, but the jurisdiction of the MRI is weakened, unequally divided or disputed on three levels: provincial, federal and international. Therefore, the problems must be solved by the development of an interdepartmental, intergovernmental and international solution, in the presence of 35 countries of the Americas and members of the UN, WTO and the OAS (except Cuba, excluded from the OAS since 1962). The development of a policy of international relations of Quebec is decided at the highest political and administrative level by the Prime Minister plus the Secretary general of the Executive Council. The recommendations presented invite the governments to devote a period on the agenda of the Conferences of Provincial Prime Ministers, to the negotiations and international relations. The recommendations invite the government to form a departmental Committee of the International Relations chaired by the Minister for the International Relations with a secretary general associated with the Secretariat of the departmental committees in coordination of the Ministry of Trade, also an interdepartmental technical Committee on the negotiations of the WTO Cycle of the Millennium, the FTAA and the integration of Americas, with its Working groups on the spheres of coherence set of themes as well as a Council Group on the international politics of Quebec of Americas. After publication of a Green Book, the Institutions Commission will hold a parliamentary Committee on the negotiations of the WTO Cycle of the Millennium, the FTAA and integration of the Americas. These mechanisms of development of the positions of Quebec will make it possible to put them forward to the Federal-provincial Conferences of the Prime Ministers and ministers and with the Federal-provincial Committee of civil servants on Market access (C/Trade). The Quebec’s government can propose to create an Intergovernmental Committee of civil servants as regards to treaties and international relations (C/International Affairs) or a bilateral Committee of connection DFAIT/MIC-MRI to follow-up on the Summits of Americas. An intergovernmental Agreement on the international matter methods and mechanisms of dialogue could be negotiated, consigned and be approved by the Executive Council of Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".