Bibliographic record
Abstract
ULB-historica Dr. Céline Préaux promoveerde met een studie waarin zij het lot van de Franstaligen in Antwerpen vergeleek met dat van Engelstaligen in Montréal, en beide beschouwde als <em>“le déclin d'une élite”</em>. Uit de theoretische hoofdstukken in Préaux' boek blijkt dat zij wel meer en recentere theoretische 'klassiekers' theeft doorgenomen; toch neemt zij als uitgangspunt het begrippenpaar '<em>Gesellschaft / Gemeinschaft</em>' zoals de Duitse socioloog Tönnies (1855-1936) dat naar het eind van de 19de eeuw als analyse-schema vooropstelde, en dat – grof vereenvoudigd – kan worden herleid tot 'staat / volk'. In België gold decennia lang als ideaalbeeld dat de Vlaamse en de Franstalige '<em>Gemeinschaft</em>' zich konden vinden in één '<em>Gesellschaft</em>'. Preaux stelt zelfs dat de Franstalige elite in Vlaanderen het bindteken had kunnen zijn tussen beide componenten. Dat is niét gebeurd, vooral omdat de Franstalige elite in Vlaanderen haar geprivilegieerde positie bedreigd zag door de toenemende emancipatie van het Nederlands en de Nederlandstaligen, en zich daartegen bleven afzetten. Zodat in het laatste kwart van vorige eeuw een einde kwam aan '<em>la Flandre belge</em>'. Dat is een merkwaardige – en onthullende – formulering, aangezien ze het vooroordeel lijkt te onderschrijven dat Belgisch gelijkstaat met Franstalig.<br />________ <strong>Plea undermines science</strong> <br />ULB-historian Dr. Céline Préaux obtained her doctorate with a study in which she compared the fate of the French speakers in Antwerp with that of the English speakers in Montréal, and in which she considered both as “<em>le déclin d'une élite</em>”. The theoretical chapters in Préaux' book demonstrate that she had reviewed various and more recent ‘classical’ theoretical works; yet she uses as her the starting point the twin concepts of '<em>Gesellschaft / Gemeinschaft</em>' that the German sociologist Tönnies (1855-1936) introduced towards the end of the 19th century as an analytical model. Greatly simplified this model may be reduced to the concept of ‘nation / people’. For decades there was an ideal concept in Belgium that the Flemish and the French speaking ‘<em>Gemeinschaft</em>’ could be unified in one ‘<em>Gesellschaft</em>’. Préaux even suggests that the French speaking elite in Flanders could have been the liaison between both components. This did not happen, in particular because the French speaking elite in Flanders viewed the increasing emancipation of Dutch and the Dutch speakers as a threat to their privileged position, which they continued to resist. For that reason '<em>la Flandre belge</em>' ceased to exist during the last quarter of the last century. This is a peculiar - and revealing – statement, because it appears to subscribe to the prejudice that Belgian equals Francophone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".