Enhancement of glutathione S-transferase using diallyl sulfide from garlic in Hepa-1c1c7 cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Modification of the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), is thought to be one of the mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic effect of garlic. To obtain further insight into the induction of the GST enzyme and on the anticarcinogenic action of garlic, we examined the effect of daillyl sulfide (DAS), an organosulfur compound derived from garlic, on the induction of GST in the murine hepatoma cells (Hepa-1c1c7), which is sensitive to the xenobiotics. We observed that the GST enzyme activity was enhanced after treatment with 5 mM DAS for 16, 24 and 48 hours. Dose-response experiments demonstrated that the GST enzyme activity increased with increasing concentrations of DAS. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis revealed that three GST isoenzyme proteins, GST-α, GST-μ and GST-π, tended to increase with increasing DAS concentrations. In summary, the results suggest that GST enzyme activity can be enhanced by DAS in Hepa-1c1c7 cells, and the increased expression of the GST isoenzyme proteins contributed to the augmentation of the corresponding enzyme activity. The increased GST activity may explain, at lease in part, the anticarcinogenic effect of garlic.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it