ПЕРВЫЕ ПРОЕКТЫ И НАЧАЛО ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ТЕЛЕГРАФА ЧЕРЕЗ СИБИРЬ И ДАЛЬНИЙ ВОСТОК (1850 – 1870-е годы)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article highlights the development and implementation of pilot projects on installing the electrical telegraph from the European part of Russia via Siberia to the Far East in the 1850s. The author refers to documents from the State archives of the Omsk region as well as to German scientists’ and travelers’ original travel notes which were not so far translated into Russian. The article describes several foreign projects offered to the Russian government and also examines a transcontinental project of telegraph communication from Moscow to Alaska designed by the Russian military engineer D.I. Romanov. The author features the construction of the telegraph line designed by D.I. Romanov and setting up the telegraph communication in populated areas of Siberia and the Far East in the third quarter of the 19th century. The efforts of Emperor Alexander II and his government to improve the management of the telegraph are shown. The telegraph in Siberia connected European countries with Asia which helped to solve both economic and geopolitical tasks: the Russian capital was connected with far off eastern regions of the Russian Empire making their management more efficient.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".