Bibliographic record
Abstract
The method in which solid particles are accelerated through a supersonic gas flow via a de Laval convergent-divergent nozzle is known as cold-spray coating. In the current unsteady computation, particles of various sizes are stagnated inside the supersonic nitrogen gas to examine the effect of particle size on the shock interaction around the particle. A particle is hypothetically situated inside the supersonic flow in which distinctive discontinuity of shock characteristics is simulated and analyzed. Under given Nozzle Pressure Ratio of NPR=P o /P e =9.5, the exit Mach number is set to 2.2. The diameter of the titanium particle, circular in shape, is varied from 1, to 10, 50, and 100 ㎛. The results indicate that the smaller the particle, the easier it is to accelerate the particles because of their faster response or relaxation time. This trend is also consistent and verified with a steady computation. The flow downstream tends to pulsate due to fluctuations caused by the shockwave which leads to moderate turbulence in flow behind the shockwave.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".