A White Elephant in Asphalt: The United States and Transport Policy in Bolivia, 1941-1951
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In July 1946 a popular uprising deposed the military government headed by Major Gualberto Villarroel and ended the first regime in which the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) played a major role in attempting to reconstruct the political economy of Bolivia. Five years and eight months later the MNR led another popular uprising which deposed another despised military government and ushered in a far more radical process of reconstruction. The Bolivian National Revolution of 1952 was such an important event, not only in the history of the country but in the history of Spanish America as a whole, that the historiography of the intervening period, the sexenio, has focused on the route to that revolution. As conflicts became increasingly intense and violent in the mines, the cities, and the countryside, the ruling body was inevitably defined as a traditional, oligarchic, and reactionary regime, a mere instrument of the tin oligarchy of the large mining companies and their allies, known as the rosca,
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".