Fabrication and Characterization of Closed-Cell Rubber Foams Based on Natural Rubber/Carbon Black by One-Step Foam Processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel one-step compression molding was proposed and successfully employed for preparation of closed-cell foams based on natural rubber (NR)/carbon black (CB) composite. The uniqueness of this new method was that both the foam density and expansion ratio became independent of the CB content. The rheometrical findings indicated that the increase in the CB content from 0 to 20 phr yielded a 0.91 and 3.51 N m increase in the initial and the final torque, respectively. The SEM results demonstrated that the prepared foam had three different layers including the skin, transition, and core layers. Almost 14-fold enhancement of the cell density (from 8 to 117 cells/cm 3 ) was obtained by increasing the CB content in a constant foam density. Although, curing properties, cell morphology, and mechanical properties of the foam improved by increasing the CB content, the gradual deterioration was observed for sound absorption properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".