Carbon Cycling in Canadian Coastal Waters: Process Studies of the Scotian Shelf and the Southeastern Beaufort Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Much research has been devoted to understanding the ocean carbon cycle because of its\nprominent role in controlling global climate. Coastal oceans remain a source of uncertainty\nin global ocean carbon budgets due to their individual characteristics and their high spatial and temporal variability. Recent attempts to establish general patterns suggest that temperate and high-latitude coastal oceans act as sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). In this thesis, carbon cycling in two Canadian coastal ocean regions is investigated, and the uptake of atmospheric CO2 is quantified.\nA combination of ship-board measurements and highly temporally resolved data from\nan autonomous mooring was used to quantify the seasonal to multi-annual variability in the inorganic carbon system in the Scotian Shelf region of the northwestern Atlantic for\nthe first time. The Scotian Shelf, unlike other shelf seas at similar latitude, acts as a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, with fluxes varying over two orders of magnitude in space and time between 1999 and 2008.\nThe first observations of the inorganic carbon system in the Amundsen Gulf region of the southern Beaufort Sea, covering the full annual cycle, are also presented. Air-sea CO2 fluxes are computed and a carbon budget is balanced. The Amundsen Gulf system acts as\na moderate sink for atmospheric CO2; seasonal ice-cover limits winter CO2 uptake despite\nthe continued undersaturation of the surface waters. Biological production precedes the ice break-up, and the growth of under-ice algae constitutes nearly 40% of the annual net community production.\nThe Scotian Shelf may be described as an estuarine system with an outflow of surface water, and intrusion of carbon-rich subsurface water by a combination of wind-driven\nmixing, upwelling and convection, which fuels the CO2 release to the atmosphere. In\ncontrast, Amundsen Gulf may be described as an anti-estuarine, or downwelling, system,\nwith an inflow of surface waters and an outflow of subsurface waters. Wind-driven and\nconvective mixing are inhibited by ice-cover and restrict the intrusion of carbon- and\nnutrient-rich waters from below, maintaining the CO2 uptake by the surface waters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".