The Anodic Passivity of Titanium in Mixed Sulfate-Chloride Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The passivity of titanium was studied in mixed sulfate-chloride solutions. Polarization results confirmed that Cl − ions can effectively facilitate the anodic passivity of Ti in sulfuric acids at 25°C. According to Mott-Schottky analysis, and with point defect model (PDM) analysis, this facilitating effect can be attributed to the lower density and higher diffusivity of point defects within the pasive films formed on titanium in H 2 SO 4 solutions with Cl − additions. Electrochemical impediance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements also revealed that films formed in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 + 0.5 M NaCl have a two-layer structure and present higher corrosion resistance compared with films formed in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 which have a one-layer structure. All the results obtained at 75°C showed that the electrochemical responses of films formed in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 with and without 0.5 M NaCl addition are similar. Titanium is immune to Cl − ions in H 2 SO 4 solutions at 75°C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".