The Emergence of Constitutional Conventions in the Hong Kong Specail Administrative Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While constitutional conventions were relatively insignificant in Hong Kong under British rule, they are shaping the post-colonial political system. Some relatively old practices have continued to be adopted by political actors since the retrocession. A few practices have been revised. It remains to be seen whether these practices will develop into conventions. The Rosanna Wong resignation served as a precedent that had the potential to become a convention. The car scandal of Antony Leung shows that neither the Chief Executive nor Beijing was initially prepared to accept ministerial resignation. However, the debacle over Article 23 of the Basic Law and the mass protests of 1 July 2003 constituted a political earthquake necessitating political transformations. The Chief Executive and Beijing had to accept Leung's and Regina Ip's resignations. Leung's resignation was a turning point in the development of the constitutional convention of ministerial resignation. It followed the precedent of Rosanna Wong and demonstrated the principal official's belief that resignation was morally obligatory and constitutionally justifiable. Public criticisms of Yeoh Eng-kiong's handling of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) became a critical factor leading to his eventual resignation, thus entrenching the convention of ministerial resignation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). While the impact of the resignation of Lam Woon-kwong on the development of practice remains to be observed, the resignation of Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa has perhaps revealed a number of important practices with regard to the relationship between the HKSAR and the central government in Beijing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".